Familial long QT syndrome
General Information (adopted from Orphanet):
Synonyms, Signs: |
LQTS Congenital long QT syndrome |
Number of Symptoms | 23 |
OrphanetNr: | 768 |
OMIM Id: |
192500
220400 600919 601005 603830 611818 611819 611820 612347 612955 613485 613688 613693 613695 |
ICD-10: |
I45.8 |
UMLs: |
|
MeSH: |
|
MedDRA: |
|
Snomed: |
|
Prevalence, inheritance and age of onset:
Prevalence: | 50 of 100 000 - PMID: 19841298 [IBIS] |
Inheritance: |
Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant - PMID: 1884444 [IBIS] |
Age of onset: |
Childhood Adolescent - PMID: 1884444 [IBIS] |
Disease classification (adopted from Orphanet):
Parent Diseases: |
Genetic cardiac rhythm disease
-Rare cardiac disease -Rare genetic disease |
Comment:
Familial long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by a prolonged QT interval. LQTS is divided into subtypes depending on the mutated gene. The most frequent LQTS subtypes are type 1 (LQT1), type 2 (LQT2) and type 3 (LQT3). T wave morphology may help to differentiate between LQT1, 2 and3. A broad T wave is observed in LQT1, a biphasic T wave in LQT2 and a late-appearing T wave in LQT3. LQTS is often mistreated as epilepsy because of generalized seizures. Up to now, 15 different genes have been reported to be associated with LQTS, but KCNQ1, KCNH2 and SCN5A are the most common genes (PMID:25274057). |
Symptom Information:
|
(HPO:0005135) | EKG: T-wave abnormalities | Very frequent [IBIS] | 20301308 | IBIS | 19 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0001655) | Patent foramen ovale | 25417227 | IBIS | 31 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0011025) | Abnormality of cardiovascular system physiology | Very frequent [IBIS] Frequent [Orphanet] | 1884444 | IBIS | 41 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0012266) | T-wave alternans | Rare [IBIS] | 5% (n=20) | 25274057 | IBIS | 8 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0001657) | Prolonged QT interval | Very frequent [IBIS] | 25274057 | IBIS | 33 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0011675) | Arrhythmia | Very frequent [IBIS] Frequent [Orphanet] | 22263042 | IBIS | 226 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0001688) | Sinus bradycardia | 25417227 | IBIS | 18 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0001662) | Bradycardia | Occasional [IBIS] | 30% (n=20) | 26550086 | IBIS | 41 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0001692) | Primary atrial arrhythmia | Frequent [IBIS] | 33% (n=21) | 19017345 | IBIS | 16 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0004756) | Ventricular tachycardia | 20301308 | IBIS | 55 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0004308) | Ventricular arrhythmia | Frequent [IBIS] | 47% (n=328) | 1884444 | IBIS | 46 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0001664) | Torsade de pointes | Occasional [IBIS] | 15% (n=20) | 26550086 | IBIS | 15 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0001663) | Ventricular fibrillation | 20301308 | IBIS | 35 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0001678) | Atrioventricular block | typical [HPO] Occasional [IBIS] | 12574983 | IBIS | 59 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0001695) | Cardiac arrest | Occasional [IBIS] | 25274057 | IBIS | 87 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0001645) | Sudden cardiac death | Occasional [IBIS] | 25274057 | IBIS | 84 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0001279) | Syncope | Occasional [IBIS] | 27.1% (n=496) | 26823142 | IBIS | 94 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0000718) | Aggressive behavior | 22263042 | IBIS | 109 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0002870) | Obstructive sleep apnea | 26118557 | IBIS | 16 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0001250) | Seizures | 25274057 | IBIS | 1245 / 7739 | ||
|
(HPO:0011097) | Epileptic spasms | Occasional [IBIS] | 25274057 | IBIS | 45 / 7739 | |
|
(HPO:0000407) | Sensorineural hearing impairment | Very frequent [Orphanet] Rare [IBIS] | 7% (n=328) | 1884444 | IBIS | 524 / 7739 |
|
(HPO:0008527) | Congenital sensorineural hearing impairment | hallmark [HPO] Rare [IBIS] | 7% (n=328) | 1884444 | IBIS | 165 / 7739 |
Associated genes:
KCNQ1; KCNH2; SCN5A; ANK2; KCNE1; KCNE2; KCNJ2; CACNA1C; CAV3; SCN4B; AKAP9; SNTA1; KCNJ5; CALM1; CALM2; |
ClinVar (via SNiPA)
Gene symbol | Variation | Clinical significance | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
AKAP9 | rs121908566 | pathogenic | RCV000006241.3 |
AKAP9 | rs730880043 | likely pathogenic | RCV000157100.1 |
AKAP9 | rs796052199 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190222.1 |
AKAP9 | rs796052200 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190223.1 |
ANK2 | rs121912706 | pathogenic | RCV000019676.27 |
ANK2 | rs72544141 | pathogenic | RCV000019672.27 |
ANK2 | rs755287627 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190219.1 |
ANK2 | rs786205420 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190218.1 |
ANK2 | rs796052197 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190220.1 |
ANK2 | rs796052198 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190221.1 |
CACNA1C | rs79891110 | pathogenic | RCV000199739.1 |
CALM1 | rs199744595 | pathogenic | RCV000162063.2 |
CALM1 | rs730882252 | pathogenic | RCV000162062.2 |
CALM1 | rs730882253 | pathogenic | RCV000162064.2 |
CALM2 | rs398124647 | likely pathogenic | RCV000143837.1 |
CALM2 | rs398124647 | pathogenic | RCV000162068.2 |
CALM2 | rs398124647 | likely pathogenic | RCV000143836.1 |
CALM2 | rs398124647 | pathogenic | RCV000162067.2 |
CALM2 | rs398124648 | pathogenic | RCV000162069.2 |
CALM2 | rs398124648 | likely pathogenic | RCV000143838.1 |
CALM2 | rs398124649 | likely pathogenic | RCV000143840.1 |
CALM2 | rs398124649 | pathogenic | RCV000162070.2 |
CALM2 | rs398124650 | likely pathogenic | RCV000143839.1 |
CALM2 | rs398124650 | pathogenic | RCV000162066.2 |
CALM2 | rs730882254 | pathogenic | RCV000162065.2 |
CAV3 | rs104893713 | pathogenic | RCV000008788.3 |
CAV3 | rs104893715 | pathogenic | RCV000008792.3 |
CAV3 | rs121909281 | pathogenic | RCV000008793.2 |
CAV3 | rs121909282 | pathogenic | RCV000008794.2 |
CAV3 | rs72546668 | pathogenic | RCV000008791.2 |
CAV3 | rs72546668 | pathogenic | RCV000008790.2 |
CAV3 | rs796052171 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190168.1 |
DSP | rs121912997 | likely pathogenic | RCV000157195.1 |
KCNE1 | rs1805128 | pathogenic | RCV000014423.25 |
KCNE1 | rs199473362 | pathogenic | RCV000171560.1 |
KCNE1 | rs74315446 | pathogenic | RCV000014421.25 |
KCNE2 | rs16991654 | pathogenic | RCV000006428.2 |
KCNE2 | rs199473648 | likely pathogenic | RCV000171565.1 |
KCNE2 | rs74315447 | pathogenic | RCV000006425.2 |
KCNE2 | rs74315448 | pathogenic | RCV000006426.2 |
KCNH2 | rs121912504 | pathogenic | RCV000015501.21 |
KCNH2 | rs121912505 | pathogenic | RCV000015502.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912506 | pathogenic | RCV000015505.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912507 | pathogenic | RCV000015508.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912508 | pathogenic | RCV000015509.26 |
KCNH2 | rs121912509 | pathogenic | RCV000015512.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912510 | pathogenic | RCV000015513.21 |
KCNH2 | rs121912511 | pathogenic | RCV000015515.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912512 | pathogenic | RCV000015516.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912513 | pathogenic | RCV000015522.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912513 | pathogenic | RCV000015523.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912514 | pathogenic | RCV000015524.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912515 | pathogenic | RCV000015525.25 |
KCNH2 | rs121912516 | pathogenic | RCV000015528.25 |
KCNH2 | rs189014161 | pathogenic | RCV000157266.1 |
KCNH2 | rs199472884 | pathogenic | RCV000157261.1 |
KCNH2 | rs199472884 | likely pathogenic | RCV000198797.1 |
KCNH2 | rs199472885 | pathogenic | RCV000171561.1 |
KCNH2 | rs199472942 | pathogenic | RCV000022644.25 |
KCNH2 | rs199472942 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190215.1 |
KCNH2 | rs199472944 | pathogenic | RCV000022643.25 |
KCNH2 | rs199473428 | pathogenic | RCV000157264.1 |
KCNH2 | rs28928904 | pathogenic | RCV000015504.25 |
KCNH2 | rs28928905 | pathogenic | RCV000015511.26 |
KCNH2 | rs587777907 | pathogenic | RCV000144957.2 |
KCNH2 | rs730880116 | pathogenic | RCV000157258.1 |
KCNH2 | rs730880374 | likely pathogenic | RCV000157260.1 |
KCNH2 | rs77331749 | pathogenic | RCV000015527.25 |
KCNH2 | rs77331749 | pathogenic | RCV000015526.25 |
KCNH2 | rs786204101 | pathogenic | RCV000168023.1 |
KCNH2 | rs796052195 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190214.1 |
KCNH2 | rs796052196 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190216.1 |
KCNH2 | rs9333649 | pathogenic | RCV000015510.22 |
KCNJ5 | rs199830292 | pathogenic | RCV000009405.4 |
KCNQ1 | rs104894252 | pathogenic | RCV000003261.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074177 | pathogenic | RCV000003260.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074178 | pathogenic | RCV000003264.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074179 | pathogenic | RCV000003265.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074180 | pathogenic | RCV000003266.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074181 | pathogenic | RCV000003262.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074182 | pathogenic | RCV000003263.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074183 | pathogenic | RCV000003270.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074184 | pathogenic | RCV000003271.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074185 | pathogenic | RCV000003274.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074187 | pathogenic | RCV000003276.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074188 | pathogenic | RCV000003280.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074190 | pathogenic | RCV000003288.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074191 | pathogenic | RCV000003290.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074193 | pathogenic | RCV000003294.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074194 | pathogenic | RCV000003295.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs120074196 | pathogenic | RCV000003300.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs12720459 | pathogenic | RCV000003267.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs12720459 | pathogenic | RCV000003268.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs12720459 | pathogenic | RCV000003269.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs12720459 | pathogenic | RCV000171124.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs151344631 | pathogenic | RCV000148547.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs151344631 | pathogenic | RCV000030815.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs17215500 | pathogenic | RCV000003279.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs17221854 | pathogenic | RCV000003291.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs1800171 | pathogenic | RCV000045941.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs1800171 | pathogenic | RCV000003283.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs193922365 | pathogenic | RCV000030111.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472709 | pathogenic | RCV000046107.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472709 | pathogenic | RCV000115008.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472713 | pathogenic | RCV000046111.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472730 | pathogenic | RCV000046142.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472771 | likely pathogenic | RCV000045968.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472776 | likely pathogenic | RCV000203070.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs199472804 | likely pathogenic | RCV000046015.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199473411 | likely pathogenic | RCV000045959.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199473460 | pathogenic | RCV000046131.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199473471 | pathogenic | RCV000045943.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs199473480 | pathogenic | RCV000174453.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs267607197 | pathogenic | RCV000003296.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs387906290 | pathogenic | RCV000003282.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508070 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190169.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508097 | pathogenic | RCV000046003.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508104 | pathogenic | RCV000046039.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508105 | pathogenic | RCV000003284.3 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508115 | pathogenic | RCV000003297.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs397508116 | pathogenic | RCV000003299.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs587776555 | pathogenic | RCV000003278.2 |
KCNQ1 | rs794728583 | pathogenic | RCV000193564.1 |
KCNQ1 | rs796052166 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190163.1 |
SCN4B | rs121434386 | pathogenic | RCV000002563.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854600 | pathogenic | RCV000009971.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854600 | pathogenic | RCV000009970.4 |
SCN5A | rs137854601 | pathogenic | RCV000009972.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854605 | pathogenic | RCV000009982.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854609 | pathogenic | RCV000009986.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854610 | pathogenic | RCV000009987.4 |
SCN5A | rs137854614 | pathogenic | RCV000009969.2 |
SCN5A | rs137854619 | pathogenic | RCV000010005.2 |
SCN5A | rs199473136 | likely pathogenic | RCV000171572.1 |
SCN5A | rs199473147 | likely pathogenic | RCV000171571.1 |
SCN5A | rs199473293 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190217.1 |
SCN5A | rs199473603 | likely pathogenic | RCV000148846.1 |
SCN5A | rs28937316 | pathogenic | RCV000009963.4 |
SCN5A | rs28937317 | pathogenic | RCV000009964.2 |
SCN5A | rs397514251 | pathogenic | RCV000009962.3 |
SCN5A | rs397514449 | pathogenic | RCV000009979.4 |
SCN5A | rs72549410 | pathogenic | RCV000157478.1 |
SNTA1 | rs121434500 | pathogenic | RCV000008997.3 |
SNTA1 | rs56157422 | pathogenic | RCV000191018.2 |
SNTA1 | rs786205426 | likely pathogenic | RCV000190224.1 |