Gaucher disease
General Information (adopted from Orphanet):
Synonyms, Signs: |
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency Acid beta-glucosidase deficiency |
Number of Symptoms | 0 |
OrphanetNr: | 355 |
OMIM Id: |
230800
230900 231000 231005 608013 610539 |
ICD-10: |
E75.2 |
UMLs: |
C0017205 |
MeSH: |
D005776 |
MedDRA: |
10018048 |
Snomed: |
190794006 |
Prevalence, inheritance and age of onset:
Prevalence: | <= 9 of 100 000 |
Inheritance: |
Autosomal recessive 25755533 [IBIS] |
Age of onset: |
|
Disease classification (adopted from Orphanet):
Parent Diseases: |
Lysosomal disease with restrictive cardiomyopathy
-Rare cardiac disease -Rare genetic disease Metabolic disease with corneal opacity -Rare eye disease -Rare genetic disease Oculomotor apraxia or related oculomotor disease -Rare eye disease -Rare genetic disease Sphingolipidosis -Rare genetic disease |
Comment:
This term does not characterize a disease but a group of diseases. Annotations can be found at a more specific level. Gaucher disease comprises the following entries: Phenodis:6334 Gaucher disease type 1 Orphanet:77259; Phenodis:6335 Gaucher disease type 2 Orphanet:77260; Phenodis:6336 Gaucher disease type 3 Orphanet:77261; Phenodis:1962 Gaucher disease - ophthalmoplegia - cardiovascular calcification Orphanet:2072; Phenodis:4501 Atypical Gaucher disease due to saposin C deficiency Orphanet:309252; Phenodis:6801 Fetal Gaucher disease Orphanet:85212; |
Symptom Information:
Associated genes:
GBA; PSAP; |
ClinVar (via SNiPA)
Gene symbol | Variation | Clinical significance | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
GBA | rs104886460 | pathogenic | RCV000177098.1 |
GBA | rs1064644 | pathogenic | RCV000020157.1 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000004526.5 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000004524.5 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000004522.5 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000004525.5 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000004523.6 |
GBA | rs1064651 | pathogenic | RCV000055773.1 |
GBA | rs1135675 | pathogenic | RCV000004534.4 |
GBA | rs1135675 | pathogenic | RCV000004535.4 |
GBA | rs1135675 | pathogenic | RCV000004536.4 |
GBA | rs1135675 | pathogenic | RCV000004533.4 |
GBA | rs1141814 | pathogenic | RCV000004565.4 |
GBA | rs121908295 | pathogenic | RCV000004514.4 |
GBA | rs121908297 | pathogenic | RCV000004539.4 |
GBA | rs121908298 | pathogenic | RCV000004547.4 |
GBA | rs121908299 | pathogenic | RCV000004550.4 |
GBA | rs121908300 | pathogenic | RCV000004551.4 |
GBA | rs121908301 | pathogenic | RCV000004552.4 |
GBA | rs121908302 | pathogenic | RCV000004556.4 |
GBA | rs121908303 | pathogenic | RCV000004559.4 |
GBA | rs121908304 | pathogenic | RCV000004561.4 |
GBA | rs121908305 | likely pathogenic | RCV000180535.1 |
GBA | rs121908305 | pathogenic | RCV000004562.2 |
GBA | rs121908306 | pathogenic | RCV000004563.2 |
GBA | rs121908307 | pathogenic | RCV000004564.4 |
GBA | rs121908308 | pathogenic | RCV000004567.4 |
GBA | rs121908309 | pathogenic | RCV000180538.1 |
GBA | rs121908309 | pathogenic | RCV000004570.2 |
GBA | rs121908310 | pathogenic | RCV000004544.2 |
GBA | rs121908311 | pathogenic | RCV000004571.2 |
GBA | rs121908311 | pathogenic | RCV000004572.2 |
GBA | rs121908311 | pathogenic | RCV000055772.2 |
GBA | rs121908312 | pathogenic | RCV000004575.3 |
GBA | rs121908312 | pathogenic | RCV000004576.2 |
GBA | rs121908313 | pathogenic | RCV000004577.2 |
GBA | rs121908314 | pathogenic | RCV000004578.2 |
GBA | rs2230288 | pathogenic | RCV000004538.4 |
GBA | rs364897 | pathogenic | RCV000020156.1 |
GBA | rs364897 | pathogenic | RCV000004557.6 |
GBA | rs364897 | pathogenic | RCV000004558.4 |
GBA | rs367968666 | pathogenic | RCV000004581.2 |
GBA | rs367968666 | pathogenic | RCV000004580.2 |
GBA | rs381737 | pathogenic | RCV000004541.4 |
GBA | rs381737 | pathogenic | RCV000004540.4 |
GBA | rs381737 | pathogenic | RCV000004542.4 |
GBA | rs381737 | pathogenic | RCV000020158.1 |
GBA | rs387906315 | pathogenic | RCV000004543.4 |
GBA | rs397518433 | pathogenic | RCV000004549.4 |
GBA | rs397518434 | pathogenic | RCV000004566.5 |
GBA | rs398123526 | pathogenic | RCV000180536.1 |
GBA | rs398123527 | pathogenic | RCV000180534.1 |
GBA | rs398123528 | likely pathogenic | RCV000173717.1 |
GBA | rs398123529 | pathogenic | RCV000179354.1 |
GBA | rs398123530 | pathogenic | RCV000179353.1 |
GBA | rs398123532 | pathogenic | RCV000179793.1 |
GBA | rs409652 | pathogenic | RCV000179794.1 |
GBA | rs421016 | pathogenic | RCV000020150.1 |
GBA | rs421016 | pathogenic | RCV000004510.9 |
GBA | rs421016 | pathogenic | RCV000004511.8 |
GBA | rs421016 | pathogenic | RCV000004509.8 |
GBA | rs61748906 | pathogenic | RCV000179795.1 |
GBA | rs74500255 | pathogenic | RCV000004537.4 |
GBA | rs74598136 | pathogenic | RCV000004568.2 |
GBA | rs75822236 | pathogenic | RCV000020153.1 |
GBA | rs75822236 | pathogenic | RCV000004553.5 |
GBA | rs76539814 | pathogenic | RCV000041967.6 |
GBA | rs76539814 | pathogenic | RCV000004548.6 |
GBA | rs76763715 | pathogenic | RCV000020146.1 |
GBA | rs76763715 | pathogenic | RCV000004515.8 |
GBA | rs77369218 | pathogenic | RCV000020149.1 |
GBA | rs77369218 | pathogenic | RCV000004527.2 |
GBA | rs77829017 | pathogenic | RCV000004532.4 |
GBA | rs78198234 | pathogenic | RCV000004569.2 |
GBA | rs78396650 | pathogenic | RCV000004560.4 |
GBA | rs786200979 | likely pathogenic | RCV000179796.1 |
GBA | rs78973108 | pathogenic | RCV000180194.1 |
GBA | rs78973108 | pathogenic | RCV000020159.1 |
GBA | rs78973108 | pathogenic | RCV000004573.2 |
GBA | rs794727708 | likely pathogenic | RCV000178813.1 |
GBA | rs794727908 | likely pathogenic | RCV000180196.1 |
GBA | rs79653797 | pathogenic | RCV000004518.4 |
GBA | rs79653797 | pathogenic | RCV000004519.4 |
GBA | rs79653797 | pathogenic | RCV000020154.1 |
GBA | rs80356759 | pathogenic | RCV000004545.4 |
GBA | rs80356759 | pathogenic | RCV000004546.4 |
GBA | rs80356759 | pathogenic | RCV000032094.1 |
GBA | rs80356760 | pathogenic | RCV000020160.1 |
GBA | rs80356763 | pathogenic | RCV000004574.2 |
GBA | rs80356763 | pathogenic | RCV000020155.1 |
GBA | rs80356768 | pathogenic | RCV000004555.4 |
GBA | rs80356768 | pathogenic | RCV000020147.2 |
GBA | rs80356768 | pathogenic | RCV000004554.4 |
GBA | rs80356769 | pathogenic | RCV000020148.1 |
GBA | rs80356769 | pathogenic | RCV000004520.2 |
GBA | rs80356769 | pathogenic | RCV000004521.2 |
GBA | rs80356771 | pathogenic | RCV000004529.4 |
GBA | rs80356771 | pathogenic | RCV000020151.1 |
GBA | rs80356771 | pathogenic | RCV000004528.5 |
GBA | rs80356771 | pathogenic | RCV000004530.4 |
GBA | rs80356772 | pathogenic | RCV000020152.1 |
PSAP | rs121918105 | pathogenic | RCV000014292.24 |
PSAP | rs121918106 | pathogenic | RCV000014294.17 |
PSAP | rs121918108 | pathogenic | RCV000014299.25 |
PSAP | rs121918109 | pathogenic | RCV000014300.23 |
PSAP | rs121918110 | pathogenic | RCV000014301.24 |
Additional Information:
Diagnosis GeneReviews | Gaucher disease (referred to as GD in this entry) is suspected in individuals with characteristic bone lesions, hepatosplenomegaly and hematologic changes, or signs of CNS involvement [Mistry et al 2011]. Clinical findings alone are not diagnostic. ... Gene Symbol Test MethodMutations DetectedMutation Detection Frequency by Test Method 1Test AvailabilityGBATargeted mutation analysis | Four common mutations 2 89% 3 Clinical Other mutations 4 ~98%Sequence analysis Sequence variants 5~99%1. The ability of the test method used to detect a mutation that is present in the indicated gene2. N370S, L444P, 84GG, IVS2+1. Historical names for mutations are given in the text. See Table 5 for mutation names according to the current standards of nomenclature.3. See Table 2.4. Mutation panel may vary by laboratory.5. Examples of mutations detected by sequence analysis may include small intragenic deletions/insertions and missense, nonsense, and splice site mutations; typically, exonic or whole-gene deletions/duplications are not detected.Table 2. Proportion of Individuals with GBA Mutations Using the Panel of Four Common MutationsView in own windowMutations 1 % of Affected Individuals 2, 3 N370S/N370S29%N370S/? 20%N370S/L444P 16%N370S/84GG 12%L444P/L444P 4 6%L444P/? 3%N370S/IVS2+1 3%1. Table 5 provides the mutation name and nucleotide changes according to current nomenclature guidelines.2. Based on data from 1097 individuals in the Gaucher Registry [International Collaborative Gaucher Group (October 1999)]. In this population, 94% of individuals had type 1, 1% had type 2, and 5% type 3. 3. GD mutation detection rates based on sequence analysis available through the ICGG Registry Program4. Recombinant (Rec) alleles (i.e., the RecNciI allele; see Molecular Genetics) contain two to four point mutations (including L444P) that arise as a result of gene rearrangements between exons 9 and 10 of the functional gene and pseudogene. Thus, testing for the L444P mutation alone does not allow distinction of the isolated L444P allele from Rec alleles, and may lead to an error in genotype designation [Tayebi et al 2003a].Interpretation of test results. For issues to consider in interpretation of sequence analysis results, click here.Testing StrategyTo confirm/establish the diagnosis in a probandAssay of glucosylceramidase enzyme activity in leukocytes or other nucleated cells is the confirmatory diagnostic test. Molecular genetic testing and the identification of two disease-causing alleles provides additional confirmation of the diagnosis but should not be used in place of biochemical testing. As the diagnosis of GD can be confirmed through biochemical testing performed on peripheral blood leukocytes, it is not necessary to perform a bone marrow examination. Molecular genetic testing of a proband originally diagnosed by biochemical testing may be considered for genetic counseling purposes, primarily to identify the disease-causing mutations to permit carrier detection among at-risk relatives. Carrier testing for at-risk relatives requires prior identification of the disease-causing mutations in the family. Note: Carriers are heterozygotes for this autosomal recessive disorder and are not at risk of developing the disorder.Prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for at-risk pregnancies require prior identification of the disease-causing mutations in the family.Genetically Related (Allelic) DisordersNo other phenotypes have been associated with GBA mutations. Parkinsonian features have been reported in a few individuals with type 1 GD; although studies suggest a possible cause-and-effect relationship rather than mere coincidence, the underlying basis remains to be established [Tayebi et al 2001, Bembi et al 2003]. The following findings suggest that GBA mutations and/or alterations in glucosylceramide metabolism may be a risk factor for parkinsonism [Sidransky 2005]; however, only a few cases have been identified and other factors may predispose to parkinsonian features in these individuals with type 1 GD. Brain pathology in a few individuals with type 1 GD (with and without parkinsonism and dementia) revealed astrogliosis as well as changes in the hippocampal regions. Brain pathology in individuals with type 2 and type 3 GD additionally revealed neuronal loss [Wong et al 2004]. Immunofluorescence studies on brain tissue samples from persons with parkinsonism associated with GBA mutations showed that glucosylceramidase was present in 32%-90% of Lewy bodies, some ubiquitinated and others non-ubiquitinated [Goker-Alpan et al 2010].Family studies suggest that the incidence of parkinsonism may be higher in obligate heterozygotes for GD [Tayebi et al 2003b, Halperin et al 2006]. GBA mutations have been identified in cohorts with Parkinson disease from centers around the world [Sidransky et al 2009].
Clinical Description GeneReviews | Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical findings from a perinatal-lethal form to an asymptomatic form. However, for the purposes of determining prognosis and management, the classification of GD by clinical subtype is still useful in describing the wide range of clinical findings and broad variability in presentation. Three major clinical types are delineated by the absence (type 1) or presence (types 2 and 3) of primary central nervous system involvement (Table 3).... Subtype Primary CNS Involvement Bone Disease Other Type 1 | No Yes Splenomegaly
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations GeneReviews | The amount of residual glucosylceramidase enzyme activity as measured in vitro from extracts of nucleated cells does not correlate with disease type or severity. ... |
Differential Diagnosis GeneReviews | Saposin C deficiency or prosaposin deficiency. Saposin C is a cofactor for glucosylceramidase in the hydrolysis of GL1. Saposin C is derived from proteolytic cleavage of prosaposin, which is encoded by a gene on chromosome 10q21-q22. Individuals with saposin C deficiency or prosaposin deficiency may present with symptoms characteristic of severe neuropathic Gaucher disease (GD) (i.e., progressive horizontal ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonic jerks, and generalized seizures) [Pampols et al 1999, Qi & Grabowski 2001] or non-neuronopathic disease [Tylki-Szymanska et al 2007]. These individuals demonstrate GL1 accumulation and visceromegaly but have normal glucosylceramidase enzyme activity measured in vitro. ... |
Management GeneReviews | See Surveillance for evaluations used to establish disease severity in an individual diagnosed with Gaucher disease (GD). ... |
Molecular genetics GeneReviews | Information in the Molecular Genetics and OMIM tables may differ from that elsewhere in the GeneReview: tables may contain more recent information. —ED.... Gene SymbolChromosomal LocusProtein NameLocus SpecificHGMDGBA1q22 | GlucosylceramidasePD mutation database