In 3 members from the same generation of a consanguineous Italian family, Guerrini et al. (1999) described a syndrome comprising rolandic epilepsy (RE; see 117100), paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED), and writer's cramp (WC). Onset was in infancy, with ... In 3 members from the same generation of a consanguineous Italian family, Guerrini et al. (1999) described a syndrome comprising rolandic epilepsy (RE; see 117100), paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED), and writer's cramp (WC). Onset was in infancy, with partial seizures that were often hemifacial, and paroxysmal dystonia of the neck, trunk, or limbs associated with exercise. Both the seizures and the paroxysmal dystonia had an age-related expression that peaked during childhood. Horizontal nystagmus was also present. EEG showed rolandic sharp waves or spikes.