Total ophthalmoplegia involves total paralysis of all extra- and intraocular muscles. If one or more of the external muscles, including the levator palpebrae, is not affected, the condition is known as incomplete or partial ophthalmoplegia. If only 1 ... Total ophthalmoplegia involves total paralysis of all extra- and intraocular muscles. If one or more of the external muscles, including the levator palpebrae, is not affected, the condition is known as incomplete or partial ophthalmoplegia. If only 1 nerve is affected, the palsy is named after that nerve (see, e.g., abducens palsy, 100200) (Waardenburg, 1963).
Waardenburg (1963) discussed familial cases of total ophthalmoplegia including those described by Li (1923) and Waardenburg (1924). Waardenburg (1924) had observed a large, 6-generation, consanguineous pedigree in which 3 of 10 sibs in one sibship and 2 of ... Waardenburg (1963) discussed familial cases of total ophthalmoplegia including those described by Li (1923) and Waardenburg (1924). Waardenburg (1924) had observed a large, 6-generation, consanguineous pedigree in which 3 of 10 sibs in one sibship and 2 of 3 sibs in another sibship had total ophthalmoplegia, with only a very small abduction effect, associated with extreme miosis and reflexless pupils. Waardenburg (1963) also cited a report by Suzuki in 1926 in which 3 brothers were affected and 2 other sibs and the parents were normal.