| Yeast - The Yeast Sequencing Project |
|
One of the milestones of genome research is the determination of the sequence of the whole genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Goal of this project was the sequencing of the entire nuclear genome of the commonly used laboratory strain S288C of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The project got started in 1989 and finished in spring 1996. More than 100 laboratories from Europe, USA, Canada and Japan took part of the joined effort.
The contributing consortia to this project were:
| complete chromosomes | partial chromosomes | |
|---|---|---|
| EU (Goffeau) | II, III, VII, X, XI, XIV, XV | IV, XII, XVI |
| St. Louis (Johnston) | VIII | IV, XVI |
| Sanger (Barrell) | IX, XIII | IV, XVI |
| McGill (Bussey) | I | XVI |
| Stanford (Davis) | V | IV |
| Riken (Murakami) | VI | - |
| CHROMOSOME | DNA Coordinator | Lenght (nucleotides) | Release |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | H. Bussey, Montreal | 230,203 | 1995 (modif. 12-1997) |
| II | H. Feldmann, Munich | 813,139 | 8-1994 (modif. 11-1997) |
| III | S. Oliver, Manchester | 316613 | 12-1991 (modif. 7-2000) |
| IV (I) | C. Jacq, Paris | 1,531,929 | 12-2000 |
| IV (II) | B. Barrell, Cambridge | ||
| IV (III) | M. Johnston, St. Louis | ||
| IV (IV) | R. Davis, Stanford | ||
| V | R. Davis, Stanford | 576,869 | 1995 (modif. 7-2000) |
| VI | Y. Murakami, Tokyo | 270,148 | 1995 (modif. 3-1998) |
| VII | H. Tettelin, Louvain | 1,090,937 | 4-1996 (modif. 12-2000) |
| VIII | M. Johnston, St. Louis | 562,639 | 8-1994 (modif. 12-2000) |
| IX | B. Barrell, Cambridge | 439,885 | 1995 (modif. 12-2000) |
| X | F. Gallibert, Rennes | 745,444 | 10-1995 (modif. 06-2001) |
| XI | B. Dujon, Paris | 666,445 | 4-1994 (modif. 1-1998) |
| XII (left) | J. Hoheisel, Heidelberg | 1,078,173 | 4-1996 (modif. 7-1997) |
| XII (right) | M. Johnston, St. Louis | ||
| XIII | B. Barrell, Cambridge | 924,430 | 1995 (modif. 12-2000) |
| XIV | P. Philippsen, Basel | 784,328 | 4-1996 (modif. 12-1996) |
| XV | B. Dujon, Paris | 1,091,284 | 11-1996 (modif. 11-1997) |
| XVI (I) | A. Goffeau, Louvain | 948,061 | 4-1996 |
| XVI (II) | H. Bussey, Montreal | ||
| XVI (IIa) | R. Davis, Stanford | ||
| XVI (III) | B. Barrell, Cambridge | ||
| XVI (IV) | M. Johnston, St. Louis | ||
| mitochondrial genome | F. Foury, Louvain | 85,779 | 12-1998 |
| TOTAL: | 12,156,306 | (with mitochondrial genome) | |
| 12,070,527 | (without mitochondrial genome) | ||
The yeast genome contains several regions with extensive repeated sequences. These repeats have not been sequenced in their entirety but at least two copies have been included in the final sequences.
Changes in the Yeast Genome since its Publication
| ~ 100 copies of rDNA repeat (chrXII) each ~ 9,137 nt | = 913,700 nt |
| 2 copies of the ENA2 (chrIV) repeat ~ 3,885 nt | = 7,770 nt |
| ~ 10 copies of the CUP1 repeat (chrVIII) ~ 1,998 nt | = 19,980 nt |
| ~ 3-5 copies of Y' elements each ~ 6,700 nt | |
| (chrIV telR 2-3 copies; chrXII telR 1-2 copies) | = 26,800 nt |
Total of missing repeated sequences | = 969,000 nt |
|---|
| The total genome of S.cerevisiae S288C therefore contains: | 12,156,306 nt |
|---|---|
| + 969,000 nt | |
| = 13,125,306 nt |